
READ ME File For 'Synthesis and Characterization of Biomimetic Thermoplastic Polyurethanes and Nanocomposites with l-Lysine Diisocyanate'

Dataset DOI: 

Date that the readme file was created: 2026/02/17

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GENERAL INFORMATION
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ReadMe Author: Charlie Bateman, University of Liverpool [0000-0002-1967-9282]

Date of data collection: 2022-03-01 to 2025-10-05

Information about geographic location of data collection (if relevant); Belfast, Antrim, United Kingdom

Related projects:
Biomimetic thermoplastic polyurethanes for soft tissue repair


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PROJEJCT INFORMATION
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Funder Name: Engineering and Physical Research Council
Project Number or Identifier: EP/T518074/1─2442883 and EP/W018977/1


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CONTACT INFORMATION
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Author information
Name: Charlie Bateman
ORCID:0000-0002-1967-9282
Institution: University of Liverpool
Email:charlie.bateman@liverpool.ac.uk

Principal Investigator information
Name: Biqiong Chen
ORCID: 0000-0002-6465-2871
Institution: University of Liverpool
Email:biqiong.chen@liverpool.ac.uk

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SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION
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Licenses/restrictions placed on the data, or limitations of reuse: CC-BY

Recommended citation for the data: Use the journal citation below.

This dataset supports the publication:
AUTHORS: Charlie Bateman, Chenghao Yao, Jingyang Lin, Shuai Zhang, Biqiong Chen
TITLE: Synthesis and Characterization of Biomimetic Thermoplastic Polyurethanes and Nanocomposites with l-Lysine Diisocyanate
JOURNAL:Biomacromolecules
PAPER DOI IF KNOWN: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.5c01488


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DATA & FILE OVERVIEW
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This dataset contains:

File list: 

acs.biomac.5c01488_Cover page - Information regarding the title and authors of the article
acs.biomac.5c01488_Figure 1 - FTIR data for polymers
acs.biomac.5c01488_Figure 2b - C NMR data for polymers
acs.biomac.5c01488_Figure 2c - H NMR data for polymers
acs.biomac.5c01488_Figure 3 - GPC data for polymers
acs.biomac.5c01488_Figure 4 - DSC data for polymers
acs.biomac.5c01488_Figure 5a - TGA data for polymers
acs.biomac.5c01488_Figure 5b - DTG data for polymers
acs.biomac.5c01488_Figure 6a - Tensile test data for polymers
acs.biomac.5c01488_Figure 6b - Cyclic test data for TPU-40
acs.biomac.5c01488_Figure 6c - Cyclic test data for TPU-45
acs.biomac.5c01488_Figure 6d - Cyclic test data for TPU-50
acs.biomac.5c01488_Figure 7 - Water contact angle data for polymers
acs.biomac.5c01488_Figure 8 - FTIR data for clays
acs.biomac.5c01488_Figure 9 - XRD data for clays
acs.biomac.5c01488_Figure 10 - FTIR data for MMT-U, polymer and polymer nanocomposites
acs.biomac.5c01488_Figure 11a - Tensile test data for polymer and polymer nanocomposites
acs.biomac.5c01488_Figure 11b - Cyclic test data for NC-2
acs.biomac.5c01488_Figure 12 - Water contact angle data for polymer and polymer nanocomposites
acs.biomac.5c01488_Figure 14 - Cytotoxicity data for polymer and polymer nanocomposites
acs.biomac.5c01488_Figure 15a - Antibacterial properties of polymer and polymer nanocomposites against gram-positive bacteria
acs.biomac.5c01488_Figure 15b - Antibacterial properties of polymer and polymer nanocomposites against gram-negative bacteria
acs.biomac.5c01488_Figure 17 - Tensile test data of TPU-45 fibres
acs.biomac.5c01488_Figure S1 - GPC data for PCL-DS diol

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METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION
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Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: 
Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) were obtained using a PerkinElmer Spectrum 2 in the range of 400–4000 cm–1 over 16 scans with a resolution of 4 cm–1. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was measured using a Bruker AVIII400 NMR Spectrometer with a CDCl3 mobile phase. Data was analyzed using TopSpin 3.6.3 software.
Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was performed on an Agilent 1260 Infinity II GPC with Agilent GPC/SEC software and an RID detector using 2 × PLgel 5 μm MIXED-C columns (PS/DVB) and a 1 × PLgel 5 μm guard column at 35 °C and a flow rate of 1 mL min–1. Samples were prepared by dissolving the TPU in THF at a concentration of 3 mg mL–1 and filtered through a polytetrafluoroethylene syringe filter with a pore size of 0.45 μm. The GPC was calibrated using 12× EasiVial PS-H (2 mL) standards, with polystyrene molecular weights of 162, 580, 1210, 4880, 10,330, 22,790, 75,050, 194,500, 479,200, 885,000, 3,152,000, and 6,570,000 g·mol–1.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded using a Malvern Panalytical Xpert Pro Multi-Purpose X-ray Diffractometer (model number DY1610) with Cu Kα irradiation (wavelength = 0.154 nm), a voltage of 45 kV, and a current of 40 mA, in the range of 4–65° 2θ with a step size of 0.017° and scanning speed of 1.7° min–1.
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was carried out using a TA Discovery DSC25 with Trios v5 Software, and an aluminum pan with approximately 10 mg mass sample. All samples received three heat–cool cycles between −80 and 200 °C under a nitrogen flow (at a rate of 50 mL min–1), held for 2 min between cycles with a heating or cooling rate of 10 °C min–1. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was run at 10 °C min–1 up to 600 °C under nitrogen flow (at a rate of 50 mL min–1) using the NETZSCH TG 209F1 Libra.
The surface water contact angle of TPU films (n = 3) was measured by using a Biolin Scientific Attension Theta Tensiometer. A droplet of water (20 μL) was placed onto the TPU film. Images were captured, and angles were measured using ImageJ software.
Uniaxial tensile tests of TPUs and TPU-NCs were performed on a Lloyds LRX with a 50 N load cell at a 100 mm min–1 strain rate until failure with a 0.01 N preload at ambient temperature. Samples and testing conditions were prepared according to ISO 37. Type 3 size dumbbell samples (n = 4, thickness: 0.45–0.6 mm) were cut from films using a die with dimensions specified in ISO 37. Uniaxial tensile tests of TPU fibers were performed on a Zwick/Roell z100 with a 20 N load cell at 10 mm min–1. Uniaxial cyclic tensile tests of TPUs and TPU-NCs were performed on a Lloyds LRX with a 50 N load cell at a 50 mm min–1 for a preconditioning cycle and 5 cycles at strains of 0–50% (n = 3, thickness: 1.8–2.1 mm). There was no resting time between cycles.
Cytotoxicity assay was performed according to ISO 10993-5:2009. In brief, samples were first sterilized in 70% ethanol for 24 h at 4 °C, rinsed with sterile water, and air-dried in a biosafety cabinet. Conditioned medium was prepared by incubating each sample for 24 h in Eagle’s MEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin. The conditioned medium was filtered using a sterile 0.2 μm filter and applied to L929 fibroblasts seeded at ∼1 × 105 cells well–1. Cells were exposed to the conditioned media for 24 h at 37 °C (5% CO2), after which cell viability was measured by an MTT assay. Wells containing Triton X-100 and complete MEM served as the positive and negative controls, respectively.
Antibacterial tests were performed in a 96-well plate. Bacterial cultures of E. coli and S. aureus were cultured in Mueller Hinton Broth overnight and diluted in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to achieve a concentration of 5 × 105 CFU mL–1. Ultraviolet (UV) sterilized samples were placed into designated wells in the 96-well plate and 20 μL of bacterial suspension was added to the surface of each sample. Samples were gently removed from wells using sterile forceps and washed with sterile PBS to remove loosely attached bacteria. Washed samples were transferred into a new plate, and 200 μL of sterile PBS was added to each sample well. The plate was placed in a sonication bath for 20 min to detach bacteria from the sample surface. After sonication, 20 μL of the PBS solution was taken from each well and transferred to 180 μL of sterile PBS in a new well. This was repeated twice to achieve a 100-fold dilution. Ten μL was taken from the final dilution and spread onto Mueller–Hinton Agar (MHA) plates before being incubated overnight at 37 °C. Colonies were counted on the MHA plates to determine the number of viable bacteria.

Methods for processing the data: <analysis of the data was carried out to find averages and standard deviations of the data>

Software or instrument-specific information needed to interpret the data: <Microsoft Excel was used to analyse the data>

Environmental/experimental conditions: each test was carried out at room temperature in a standard environment unless stated otherwise

Describe any quality-assurance procedures performed on the data: each of the machines was consistently checked to ensure it was working properly and that it was giving valid data 

People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission: Charlie Bateman, Chenghao Yao, Jingyang Lin